New methodology virtually reconstructs tools from the Stone Age
Researchers from the Department of Prehistory have developed ReVIBE, (Refitting Visualisation using Blender Engine), an innovative protocol that enables the reconstruction of stone artefact refittings using 3D modelling and the Blender animation software. The results of the study have been published in the journal PLOS ONE and on the protocols.io platform, which facilitates the collaborative sharing of reproducible technical protocols.
The study, led by post-doctoral researchers Javier Sánchez-Martínez and Xavier Roda Gilabert, is one of the first protocols of its kind in the Humanities, and particularly in prehistoric archaeology, a discipline where the visual representation of material culture plays a crucial role.
"The ReViBE protocol represents a significant advance in visualising stone refittings, as it provides a dynamic and sequential representation that goes beyond traditional two-dimensional methods", Javier Sánchez-Martínez points out.
ReViBE allows researchers to study the reduction phases of cores (pieces used to generate the artefacts) and the tools obtained within this process, offering a detailed visualisation of the technical and cognitive aspects involved in stone knapping. It integrates photogrammetry techniques and 3D modelling to virtually represent the sequences of stone refittings. Using Blender software, researchers can animate the core reduction process, highlighting aspects such as core rotation, surface modifications, impact points, as well as the flakes and blades obtained. This enables a much deeper understanding of the technical and cognitive processes behind the production of lithic tools.
The 3D models and virtual reconstructions generated by the new protocol are available in open access repositories online adhering to the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) principles. This accessibility ensures that data on stone technology and human behaviour is widely available, promoting transparency knowledge exchange and the remote analysis of the stone tools.
"Access to 3D models and virtual reconstructions in open repositories not only promotes transparency and knowledge sharing, but also facilitates global scientific collaborations", said Xavier Roda Gilabert.
This new methodology has applications in multiple fields, from scientific research to science communication and dissemination. It makes possible to view the reduction sequences in real-time, aiding in the understanding of the production goals and standardization of lithic tools. Furthermore, it contributes to the preservation of cultural heritage and the promotion of research in remote areas by eliminating geographical and logistical barriers.
“ReViBE constitutes an innovative, accessible and affordable methodology that can be easily implemented in both research and outreach activities, providing an alternative for the material culture visualization. These advances are relevant for the development of prehistoric archaeology, scientific communication strategies, and the preservation of cultural heritage in an increasingly interconnected world”, the researchers conclude.
The protocol process can be seen here: https://ddd.uab.cat/record/287507?ln=en
Original article: Sánchez-Martínez J, Calmet K, Martínez Moreno J, Gilabert XR (2024) «Virtual reconstruction of stone tool refittings by using 3D modelling and the Blender Engine: The application of the “ReViBE” protocol to the archaeological record». PLoS ONE 19(8): e0309611. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309611